History on a platter
The Taiwan Bowl and Dish Museum occupies about 1600 square meters, and is divided into four areas: display, cultural/creative, cross-cultural, and hands-on. The display area, as the name suggests, is for the museum’s main collection. It starts with a brief history of the development of ceramic tableware over the years, both in Taiwan and around the world.
In the earliest days of human settlement, people in all corners of the world figured out that they could shape containers from handfuls of clay, thereby bringing ceramics into everyday life.
Humans understood how to combine clay and heat to fire pottery more than 30,000 years ago. Items with decorative patterns dating back over 13,000 years have been unearthed at the Xianrendong site in Jiangxi Province in mainland China. Here in Taiwan, the ground beneath our feet is a storehouse of ceramic vessels from as early as the Neolithic era, some 6000 years ago.
Ceramics can be roughly divided into three major categories: earthenware, stoneware, and porcelain. Looking back at the development of ceramic tableware in Taiwan, the thing that stands out is the unadorned, natural-looking stoneware of ancient times. There is a simple reason why our forebears adopted this type: Taiwan simply doesn’t produce much of the type of raw material (known as white clay or kaolin clay) that is required for light-colored porcelain, so the ceramics made in Taiwan were stoneware, somewhere between crude earthenware on one hand and porcelain on the other.
The clay used in early ceramic ware in Taiwan was in some cases mineral-rich clay from mountain areas (as in Beitou or Miaoli), which, owing to its greater mineral content, is more resistant to higher temperatures. But even more early ceramics were made using mud from the fields (as in Yingge and Nantou). There is more organic matter in field mud, so pieces emerge from the kiln with a dark brown color. These are the kinds of bowls and plates that even today are used so commonly by streetside vendors to serve rice noodle soup, braised pork on rice, and other fare for the common man, as a result of which, even in a quiet museum, for Taiwanese they evoke the sounds and smells of a cheap and tasty night-market snack.
In order to manufacture tableware that would be shinier, cleaner-looking, and more durable, our forebears got their creativity cranked up and decided to add various stone and other mineral ingredients to their ceramics. For example, in the Yuchi region, people added light-colored powdered stone, whereas in Beitou they added a washed white clay. By combining a variety of raw materials, they could raise the firing temperatures in their kilns and get semi-vitreous stoneware.
A blue and white porcelain bowl with decorative pattern, from the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644).